<p>The Kenwyn Apartments are a historic Mission style apartment house at 6 Kenwood Park & 413—415 Belmont Avenue in the Forest Park neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts. The four story masonry block was built in 1916 by William H. Carpenter, and it went through a rapid succession of owners, until it was acquired by the Pasquale Corporation in 1940. The building remained in its ownership for thirty years. Thereafter, with declining economic conditions in the neighborhood, the building again went through a number of owners. After a foreclosure proceeding in 1990 there were calls to tear the building down, but preservationists were able to propose a rehabilitation of the structure.</p><br>
<p>The building has Mission style construction and detailing. Built of stone, it has a stuccoed exterior, and other Mission elements such as round arch entries, barrel-style overhangs, and Spanish-style parapets. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Landlord Fowler Tavern is a historic tavern at 171 Main Street in Westfield, Massachusetts. Probably built in the 1750s, it is a good local example of Georgian architecture, and it was for about a century an important local social gathering point, and a major stop on the east-west stagecoach road. Now a private residence, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former Landlord Fowler Tavern stands east of downtown Westfield, on the south side of Main Street (United States Route 20, a major route through the Berkshires to the west). It is set a short way west of the confluence of the Little River with the Westfield River, at the southwest corner of Main and Exchange Streets. It is a three story wood frame structure, with two full stories topped by a broad gambrel roof. The steep portion of the roof is pierced by three gabled dormers, and a large brick chimney rises at its center. The front facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance. The entrance is a simplified modern version of its elaborate original, with pilasters rising to a scrolled pediment; the original is in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.</p><br>
<p>The building is estimated to have been built in the 1750s, or no later than 1761, the year in which Daniel Fowler was granted a license to operate a tavern in Westfield center. It was for many years a center of business and civic affairs in the town as well as a rest stop for travelers on the post road, on which it was located. During the American Revolutionary War, it served as a muster site for the local militia, and was where the local committee of safety met. Baron Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, a Hessian commander in the army of John Burgoyne, was quartered here after that army was captured at the end of the 1777 Saratoga campaign.</p><br>
<p>The 1830 construction of the Hampshire and Hampden Canal led to a decline in business on the post road, and Westfield&#39;s business district eventually developed further to the west. By the 1860s the building was in use as a residence. It was used briefly as a cigar factory between 1885 and 1916. Its original Georgian front door surround, a classic Connecticut River valley pediment, was removed from the building in the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Maple-Union Corners is a historic district centered at the intersection of Maple and Union Streets in Springfield, Massachusetts. The area is prominent as the location of the Springfield Female Seminary building , and for the distinctive homes of several of Springfield&#39;s prominent 19th century citizens. The house at 83 Maple Street, was first owned by Solomon Merrick, inventor of the monkey wrench, and was later owned by Ansel Phelps, the fourth mayor of Springfield. Townhouses at 76-78 and 80-84 Maple Street comprise the rest of the district; owners or occupants included Francis Fuller, owner of the Fuller Block, and Edmund Chapin, president of the John Hancock National Bank. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<p>The McKinney Building is a historic commercial building located at 1121-27 Main Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. It is locally significant as a good example of commercial Classical Revival architecture, and was part of generally southeastward trend in the growth of the city&#39;s downtown area.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The building is located near the southern end of the built-up commercial downtown area of Springfield. It is on the north side of Main Street, between the Bangs Block to the east and the Colonial Block located across Crossett Lane. It is a five-story masonry structure, built out of pale brick with red and white stone trim. The ground floor facing Main Street has a modern storefront, while the second floor has sash windows topped by splayed lintels. A corbelled beltcourse separates the second and third floors. The third and fourth floors have windows topped by splayed brick soldier headers with stone keystones. The fifth floor windows are set in round-arch openings, and the building is capped by a projecting dentillated and modillioned cornice. The corner at Main and Crossett is styled as a three-bay polygonal section in redstone, with decorative panel blocks between the windows of each bay.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1905, at a time when Springfield&#39;s downtown was growing to the south. It was built by developer Richard McKinney on land that formerly belonged to Jonathan Bangs (builder of the adjacent 1870 Bangs Block). The ground floor housed retail spaces, and the upper floors were in the early years used by First Spiritualist Society for their meetings and other social activities.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1983.</p><br>
<p>The McKnight District is a predominantly residential neighborhood northeast of downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The area represents a planned residential development covering several hundred acres, which was built out in the mid to late 19th century. The architects of the development were John and William McKnight, who, in addition to developing and enforcing construction guidelines in the area, built and landscaped many of the properties. The area was largely built out by 1910, and there has been little new construction in the area since. Most of the houses built in the area were constructed in most of the architectural styles that were popular between 1880 and 1990, although there is a predominance of the Queen Anne style. The McKnights began to develop the area, which had previously been mainly farmland, in 1870 with the purchase of a 22 acre parcel on which they and a partner built their own homes. They proceeded over the following years to acquire additional parcels of land in the area, plat out roads, and either build houses themselves, or sell plots to other builders. They enforced some uniformity in the area through the use of deed restrictions, which required uniform setback requirements, banned fencing, and required a minimum cost of construction .</p><br>
<p>The neighborhood is roughly defined by the railroad tracks on the north and the Bay Street to the south. On the west it is roughly bounded by Armory and Magazine Streets, and on the east by Monmouth, Clifford, Bay, and Marion Streets. A portion of the neighborhood, encompassing some 130 acre and 350 homes, was designated a historic district and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. This was expanded in 1986 to 250 acre and 884 properties, encompassing virtually the entirety of the McKnight&#39;s development.</p><br>
<p>Memorial Town Hall is the historic town hall of Monson, Massachusetts. Located on Main Street on land donated by the local prominent Reynolds family, the High Victorian Gothic stone building was constructed in 1885 to a design by George Potter. In keeping with a memorial to the town&#39;s fallen soldiers, there are two cannons  in front of the building.</p><br>
<p>The hall, which was built of the locally quarried granite (from the same quarry that supplied granite for the Springfield Armory), the buildings basic shape is that of a T. The northwest (left front) corner has a four story tower, and the southwest (right front) corner has a smaller octagonal turret. In between, a gabled pavilion is centered on the front faced perpendicular to the main roofline. The stem of the T extends northeast to the rear of the building. Arches and other decorative elements are shaped out of ashlar granite in alternating light and dark colors. The buildings roof is slate; the front portion is hipped, with the center interrupted by the front-facing gable. The rear section ends in a gable.</p><br>
<p>Inside the hall, the front houses town offices, and a space that was originally used as a GAR meeting space, and the rear of the building houses an auditorium with stage. Interior spaces have not been significantly altered since the building&#39;s construction was completed, and most continue to be used for their original purpose.</p><br>
<p>The Mills—Hale—Owen Blocks were a collection of three historic mixed-use commercial and residential blocks at 959—991 Main Street in the South End of Springfield, Massachusetts. They occupied an entire city block on the east side of Main Street, between Union and Hubbard Streets. The Mills and Hale blocks were both built in 1874, and were two of the best examples of Italianate architecture of the period in the city. They were also the first major buildings built in a push to extend the downtown area to the south, and introduced the mixed use style of building use. The Owen block was built in 1899 in a Classical Revival style reflective of the further expansion of Springfield&#39;s downtown area. All three buildings housed a variety of retail businesses on their ground floors. The upper floors of the Mills block were first used as a boarding house, while those of the other two served as residential tenement-style housing. The buildings were rehabilitated in the 1980s, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<h2>Tornado and demolition</h2><br>
<p>The buildings sustained extreme damage during the 2011 Springfield tornado, with the top floor of at least one of the buildings partially collapsing. The buildings were demolished eight days later due to the irreparable damage.</p><br>
<p>The Mills-Stebbins Villa is a historic house at 3 Crescent Hill in Springfield, Massachusetts. Described as the "best work" of architect Henry Sykes, this Italian style villa was built between 1849 and 1851 for John Mills, a prominent Springfield attorney. Mills died in 1861, and the villa was acquired by John Stebbins, a banker, real estate developer, and local politician. It fell into decline in the 20th century, but was rehabilitated and restored in the early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The villa is located at the top of a ridge that historically separated Springfield&#39;s downtown and working class South End from the more upscale Maple Street Hill area. It was built of brick that was probably once covered with a stucco-style mastic. The most prominent architectural feature is a tower at the front of the house that echoes the style of an Italian Renaissance campanile. The massing of the building falls away in successive stages. The brickwork is relieved by stone and wood detailing, and there are a few unusual windows on the front facade. A service wing was added to the rear of the house c. 1900.</p><br>
<p>Inside the building, the formal rooms of the house were on the north side, while the central part of the house contains the bedrooms and a library. The service wing added space for a nursery on the south side. A number of rooms included full-length windows that provided access to outdoor spaces, including a patio area on the north side as well as several balconies.</p><br>
<p>The villa was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973,</p><br>
<p>The Milton-Bradley Company is a historic former factory building at Park, Cross, and Willow Streets in Springfield, Massachusetts. The factory was built beginning in about 1880, and expanded over the next decades to include a variety of brick multi-story buildings that are relatively utilitarian in appearance. When built, the property belonged to George Tapley, a principal in the Taylor and Tapley Manufacturing Company and a childhood friend of Milton Bradley. Bradley had entered the toy business in the 1860s, and moved his company to Tapley&#39;s premises in 1882. The success of his eponymous company led to a significant expansion of the premises, which eventually came to occupy an entire city block. The company moved its manufacturing to suburban East Longmeadow in the 1960s, and the complex was converted into residential housing in the late 1970s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The New Bay Diner Restaurant is a historic diner at 950 Bay Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was manufactured by the Mountain View Diners Company in Signac, New Jersey  in 1957; it is believed to be the second-to-last diner the company built before it shut down later that year. The diner is attached to a concrete block structure which houses the kitchen and restrooms, and appears to also date to 1957. At the time of its listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003, it was one of six surviving Mountain View diners in Massachusetts, and the only diner remaining in Springfield.</p><br>
<p>When the diner was listed in Springfield&#39;s 1964 business directory, it was called the New Bay Diner Restaurant, and its owner was listed as Anthony Viamare of Granby, Massachusetts. Viamare owned it until 1988, when it was acquired by Donald Roy. He changed its name to the "Route 66 Diner", which is its present name.</p><br>
<p>The diner is of steel frame construction, seven window bays wide, with rounded corners. It is mounted on a concrete and brick foundation, has red horizontal banding, and a rounded rubber membrane roof. The doors are steel and glass, although elements of the vestibule do not appear to be original. Its windows are plate glass, separated by steel pilasters. There are signs on the roof, facing east and west, with the diner&#39;s name, "Route 66 Diner&quot the "Diner" is highlighted in neon. Inside, the diner has a full length counter, with staff access points at the center and the left side. Access to the kitchen is by a door in the center. The diner has seventeen stools and six booths. Its interior decoration is largely original; the countertop has been replaced.</p><br>
<p>The Myrtle Street School is a historic school at 64 Myrtle Street in the Indian Orchard neighborhood of Springfield, Massachusetts. A complex of four connected buildings, it was built in stages between 1868 and 1915. The oldest portion of the school exhibits Second Empire styling, while major additions in 1903 and 1914 added additional classroom space, an auditorium and gymnasium, and hallways connecting the various portions to each other. The later additions were built with Classical Revival styling, and largely obscure the 1868 building, which is now at the rear of the complex. Many of the original features of the buildings have survived, including elements such as wooden staircases and decorative molding in the 1868 portion. The school was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. It has been converted to residential use.</p><br>
<p>The William Norcross House is a historic house at 14 Cushman Street in Monson, Massachusetts. The Georgian style house was constructed in 1775 for William Norcross, who operated a tavern on the premises. The building was a major social center in the early days of the town, and was influential in the development of the area as Monsons economic center. Norcross son Joel, who was proprietor of an adjacent mill during the 19th century, adapted the property for use as mill worker housing, a role it filled into the early 20th century. The building was restored in the 1970s, and still has residential use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984, and may be included in a future expansion of the adjacent Monson Center Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Olmsted-Hixon-Albion Block is a historic commercial block at 1645-1659 Main Street in the South End of downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The building is actually three separate buildings that were conjoined by internal connections in 1929. The Olmsted Block  was built in 1875 by John C. Olmsted, a leading businessman and banker in the city, and used as an office building. The Hixon Block  was built in 1862 for John Hixon, a wholesale shoe and boot manufacturer. His premises was used by a paper products manufacturer after his death. The Albion Block  was built in 1866 as a boarding house; it was acquired in 1877 by the Bay State Paper Company, which gave the building its name.</p><br>
<p>The three buildings were unified in 1927 according to plans drafted by Wallace Dibble for the Walter Young Realty Trust, which had purchased them over the preceding 20 years. The plan involved adding a fifth floor onto the Albion Block, and eliminating some stairways in order to increase the usable office space. The block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Patton and Loomis Block is a historic commercial block at 1628-40 Main Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. It was built in 1864 for C. L. Loomis and William Patton, a successful businessman who was one Springfields wealthiest when he died in 1898. It was designed by J. M. Currier, a leading commercial architect of the period. Patton used the building for his successful notions business, operating a retail shop on the ground floor and his offices on the second floor. The buildings upper floors were used by a training school, and included a gymnasium and an auditorium.</p><br>
<p>The building was purchased by F. L. Dunlap in 1909, at which time its facade was remodeled. The exterior has not been significantly altered since then, although storefronts were modified in the 1950s. The block was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Patton Building is a historic commercial office building located at 15-19 Hampden Street in Springfield, Massachusetts.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>It was built c. 1872, and is noted for its association with William Patton, one of Springfields most successful businessmen of the late 19th century, and his son William, Junior, a real estate developer. The building was original a factory and warehouse space, but underwent a major conversion in 1909 into office space, at which time it was given a new Georgian Revival facade designed by B. H. Seabury which has survived intact. For many years the building housed the offices of Durkee, White, and Towne, western Massachusettss leading civil engineering firm.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 24, 1983.</p><br>
<p>Pulaski Park is a city park along the Connecticut River in Holyoke, Massachusetts. Originally called Prospect Park when it was laid out in 1884, it was given its present name in 1939 in honor of American Revolutionary War hero Casimir Pulaski, for whom there is a memorial in the park&#39;s center. The original 5.1 acre park was designed by the Olmsted Brothers landscape design firm.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The park&#39;s northern border is a crescent-shaped stretch of the Connecticut River. The shore is lined by a long concrete wall (built 1905-1910), which is interrupted every ten feet by a squat pier, and by four lookouts that jut over the embankment. A concrete promenade runs along the wall, providing views of the river. The southern edge of the park abuts the properties that line the north side of St. Kolbe Street. South and east of the historic core of the park lies Feldman Park, an adjoining city property that consists primarily of sports fields. On the west end of the park is another small park area with tennis courts. The center of the park has a small garden enclosed by a wrought iron fence, in which is a boulder on which is mounted a bronze plaque memorializing Casimir Pulaski. The historic core of the park was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>When the city of Holyoke was laid out in the 1840s, the parcel of land that became the park was not immediately identified for use as such. The area, which did not have a defined use in early plans, became known as "The Patch", and was an area where Irish immigrant workers who built the citys canals and infrastructure built a shantytown. The grid of city streets ended at the areas southern boundary, a street named Prospect Street, as it was built out during the second half of the 19th century. Sometime between 1865 and 1884 the area was cleared of shanties, and informal use of the area as a park began. The city&#39;s many Irish residents referred to it as "Kerry Park", after County Kerry and the green views of the surrounding area the park afforded.</p><br>
<p>In 1884 the Holyoke Water Power Company, owner of the land, gave it to the city, and its formal existence as Prospect Park began. Between 1884 and 1898 the parks paths were laid out, and landscaping and planting took place. Features built in this time that have not survived include a bandstand and an ornamental pump house used to bring water up from a spring in the river embankment. The park edge along the river was lined with a wooden fence. In a 1901 review of the park, John C. Olmsted recommended the construction of a more permanent retaining wall with either wrought iron railing or stone parapet; this suggestion led to the construction of the existing concrete wall. Olmsted also recommended changes to the landscaping to improve the parks appearance.</p><br>
<p>During a phase of urban renewal in the 1960s, the area south of the park was redeveloped. The grid character of its streets was altered, with only Maple Street providing access from the street grid to the park. Prospect Street was removed at this time for the development of the properties that now abut the park.</p><br>
<p>The Purchase-Ferre House is a historic house at 1289 Main Street in Agawam, Massachusetts. Built in 1764, it is one of a small number of surviving 18th-century houses in the town. It has been in the hands of the Ferre family since 1799, and is little-altered since then. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Purchase-Ferre House is set on the east side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 159), south of Agawam&#39;s town center. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, a large central chimney, and a sandstone block foundation. The main facade, facing west, is symmetrically arranged, with the entrance in the central bay, flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters, and topped by a dentillated entablature. The present door is a replacement, but the original house door survives. The interior of the house includes the remnants of a basement apartment (apparently only used in the 18th century), and has a typical Georgian plan on its main floors, with a narrow entry vestibule with winding staircase, parlors to either side of the chimney, and the original kitchen space behind the chimney. A c. 1970 addition to the rear houses a modern kitchen.</p><br>
<p>The Georgian style house was built in 1764 by Jonathan Purchase, and was acquired by Moses Ferre in 1799 after a series of intermediate owners. It has since remained in the hands of Ferres descendants. It underwent relatively little alteration during that period, and is one of Agawams oldest houses. It was reportedly used at one time to manufacture boxes for the Springfield Armory.</p><br>
<p>The Radding Building is a large historic commercial building at 143-147 State Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. One of the tallest and most prominent buildings on State Street, it was built in 1915 by Edward Radding to a Classical Revival design by local architect Charles R. Greco. The building has been known for many years as the headquarters of the Mutual Fire Assurance Company. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Radding Building occupies a prominent location on State Street, a major east-west road in downtown Springfield, It stands on the south side of the road at its junction with Willow Street, along which it extends for a whole city block. Its location is across the street from the MassMutual Center, a sports facility and convention center. The Radding Building is eight stories in height, its principal street facades finished in stone and pale brick. The ground stage is two stories in height, articulated on the State Street facade by corner pilasters and engaged round columns between the bays, all with Corinthian capitals. On the Willow Street facade, the bays are articulated by pilasters. An entablature runs on both facades between the second and third floors, and there are cornices above the third and seventh floors. Windows are set in pairs between the pilasters, with decorative panels between the bays on the third floor. The building is capped by a bracketed cornice and low parapet.</p><br>
<p>The building was constructed in 1915, replacing a residential tenement house that stood on the site. Edward Radding, for whom it was built, was a real estate developer who located his offices in the building. Tenants over time included a wide variety of organizations, its facilities including offices, auditoriums, and other meeting spaces. The Mutual Fire Assurance Company, founded in 1827 as an insurer of residences, first leased space in the building 1943, and became its major tenant in 1949.</p><br>
<p>The Clovis Robert Block is a historic mixed-use commercial and residential block at 338-348 Main Street  in south Holyoke, Massachusetts. The four story brick building was built in 1881 for Clovis Robert, an expatriate French Canadian, and expanded in 1888, both to an early design of Holyoke architect George P. B. Alderman. It was built during a period of major migration by French Canadians to the area, seeking work in the local mills. When built it offered two storefronts on Cabot Street and three on Main Street, with the upper floors containing fifteen residential units. The interior of the building has retained little of its original character: the commercial spaces were extensively altered over the years, and the apartments above suffered from neglect and vandalism.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2002.</p><br>
<p>Smith&#39;s Building is a historic commercial building at 201-207 Worthington Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The five story building was built in 1897, and first occupied by the McIntosh Corporation, a major area shoe manufacturer. McIntosh occupied the premises until 1913, when it moved into a new building at Chestnut and Worthington. The next major tenant was Fred Smith, who moved his recreation center business there.</p><br>
<p>Fred Smith began his billiard and bowling business on an adjacente block in 1903. He acquired a number of billiard tables from the 1904 St. Louis Exposition, and installed them on the second floor of this building. On the upper floors he installed a bowling alley, with seven lanes of candlepins on each of the third and fourth floors, and eight on the fifth. The lanes were removed due to declining popularity and moved to a bowling alley in Connecticut. The pool hall is still in business.</p><br>
<p>The building is five story brick construction. The ground floor has glass storefronts. The second floor facade is shown as a mezzanine level, with five windows separated by brick piers. The upper three floor fronts are divided into five bays, each with two windows, separated by piers and topped by a decorative arch. The facade is topped by a corbelled cornice and pierced parapet.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Thomas and Esther Smith House is a historic house at 251 North West Street in Agawam, Massachusetts. It is one of the oldest houses in Agawam. The house is situated on 1 acre of land about 5 mi west of the Connecticut River, at the foot of Provin Mountain. It is a vernacular 1.5 story house with plain Georgian styling. The main block of the house is three bays wide, with a gambrel roof and a central chimney. A 1.5 story addition on the western side of the house as a gabled roof. The main block&#39;s foundation is fieldstone, while that of the addition is brick and concrete block.</p><br>
<p>Inside the house, the main block follows a fairly standard Georgian four-room plan. A vestibule with a dogleg stair separates a hall and a parlor in the front, and the rear is divided asymmetrically into a large kitchen space and a small bedroom. Fireplaces open from the central chimney onto the hall, parlor and kitchen. The kitchen fireplace is particularly deep, and includes a bake oven (now coated with a layer of concrete) at its rear, rather than a more typical placement on the side. The upstairs of the main block is divided into four bedrooms, all with very basic finishing work. The exterior walls and ceilings are plastered, while the interior walls which separate them are either plastered or of simple wood construction.</p><br>
<p>The addition, built c. 1930s, is accessed from the small bedroom space, and includes a kitchen space that dates roughly to the period of its construction. The kitchen is at the level of the main part of the house, but a doorway leads to stairs going up and down to rooms in the rest of the addition, which were laid out to provide a separate living space.</p><br>
<p>The construction date of the house is uncertain, and is believed to have been sometime before 1758, when a deed mentions the home of one George Mixer on this parcel of land. The purchaser of the land, Thomas Smith, was a carpenter and housewright, and may have been this houses builder. Tree ring dating places some of the houses structural elements somewhat later, circa 1790. The house was built using a plank framing method that is distinctive to the Connecticut River valley.</p><br>
<p>The property remained in the Smith family until 1843. It was owned by the Park family until 1910, and then went through a succession of owners before its acquisition by the Agawam Historical Society in 2002. The house remained without modern amenities until the 1950s. It is now operated by the historical society as a house museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<p>The South Main Street School is an historic school building at 11 Acushnet Avenue in the South End of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Renaissance style building was constructed in 1895 in response to rising enrollments. It replaced a three-room schoolhouse, built c. 1840, that was nearby. The new school was built by contractors A.A. and S.T. Ball and was completed in 1897. The architect was Francis Richmond, who had designed several other school buildings for the city. The building served as an elementary school into the mid-1970s, and was briefly used for special education classes thereafter. It was finally vacated by the school system in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance Co. is a historic commercial building at 195 State Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. Built in 1905 to a design by the renowned architecture firm Peabody and Stearns, it is a fine example of commercial Classical Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance Company building occupies the northeast corner of State and Maple Streets in downtown Springfield, a prominent location opposite Merrick Park the Quadrangle. It is a large three-story masonry structure, faced in limestone. The ground floor is set in wide courses of large blocks, with windows set in keystoned segmented-arch openings. The bays of the upper levels are demarcated by two-story pilasters, with hooded windows on the second level and keystoned lintels on the third. The entrance is recessed at the center of the 9-bay State Street side. The building is capped by a modillioned cornice and balustrade surrounding a flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The Springfield Fire & Marine Insurance Co. was incorporated in 1849. Originally housed at the City Hotel, it built the Fort Block on Main Street in 1858 to house its growing business. It had this building built in 1905, and occupied it until 1966. It was merged into the Insurance Company of North America in 1958. The building has since been used as the headquarters of the City of Springfield School Department, and presently houses local offices of the State Street Corporation.</p><br>
<p>The Stacy Building is a historic building at 41-43 Taylor Street in Springfield, Massachusetts, in the district of Metro Center known as the Club Quarter. On September 20, 1893, Springfielders Charles and Frank Duryea road-tested the first-ever American-built, gasoline-powered car in Springfield, which they had built at the Stacy Building. The first Duryea Motor Wagons were all built by hand at the Stacy Building on Taylor Street in Springfield. Despite the September 20 road-test on Howard Bemiss Springfield farm, the Springfield Republican newspaper did get the story until the Duryea brothers 2nd public road-test on November 10, 1893.</p><br>
<p>In 1895, the Duryea Motor Wagon won Americas first-ever road race - a 54-mile race from Chicago to Evanston, Illinois, beating out European companies like Daimler Benz. Following this, demand for Duryea automobiles soared. In 1896, the Duryea Motor Wagon Company became the first company to manufacture and sell gasoline-powered automobiles. The Duryea Brothers produced thirteen cars by hand in the companys first year - all at the Stacy Building. The companys motto was "there is no better motorcar." Immediately, Duryeas were purchased by luminaries of the time, including George Vanderbilt. Two months after buying one of the first, manufactured cars - New York City motorist Henry Wells hit a bicyclist with his new Duryea; the rider suffered a broken leg, Wells spent a night in jail, and the United States first traffic accident was recorded.</p><br>
<p>Outside of the Stacy Building - in what is now (as then) Springfield&#39;s Club Quarter - next to what is currently the popular Alumni Club at 90 Worthington Street, there is a model of an 1893 Duryea Motor Wagon - mere feet from the Stacy Building, where the Duryea Brothers invented and manufactured their history-changing machine.</p><br>
<p>The State Armory is a historic armory building at 29 Howard Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was built in 1895 to a design by Wait & Cutter of Boston, with local architects Gardner, Pyne & Gardner supervising. The construction was primarily granite, with decorative elements of brick and brownstone. It has towers that are 50 ft and 60 ft tall with crenellated brick battlements and a parapet connecting the two front towers. The mass of the building is directly on Howard Street, and looms over most of its neighbors. The building was the first that was purpose-built for the local militia, and was in its later years home to the South End Community Center.</p><br>
<p>The armory was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It was extensively damaged by the Greater Springfield tornado on June 1, 2011, in which the rear of the building was reduced to rubble.</p><br>
<p>The Swetland-Pease House is a historic house at 191 Pease Road in East Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Probably built about 1793, it is one of a small number of surviving 18th-century houses in the town, and is one of its best-preserved. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Swetland-Pease House is set on the north side of Pease Road, at its junction with Old Farm Road, in a rural-suburban area of southeastern East Longmeadow. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, four bays wide, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a foundation of local sandstone. It is flanked on either side by 1-1/2 story ells that are of 19th-century construction. The main entrance is set in the second bay from the left, framed by narrow Federal-style pilasters and topped by a simple entablature. A single chimney rises in the nearly the center of the block, and in the right-side ell. The interior retains many features original to its construction, including four fireplaces, wide flooring, glasswork in the dining room, and original wainscoting.</p><br>
<p>The house was probably built about 1793 by Benjamin Swetland; its first recorded owner (in 1831) was Eli Swetland, and it was later for some time in the Pease family, for whom Pease Road is named. Marvin Pease, one of its owners, was prominent in local civic affairs, serving on the school committee and as town assessor. The house is one of two documented 18th-century houses in East Longmeadow; the other, the Elijah Burt House, is also on the National Register.</p><br>
<p>The United Electric Co. Building is a historic commercial building at 73 State Street in Springfield, Massachusetts. One of the citys few Beaux-Arts buildings, it was built in 1910 to serve as the headquarters of the United Electric Company, Springfields supplier of electricity since the 1880s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The United Electric Company Building is set on the southeast side of State Street in Springfields downtown area. It is a tall two-story building, fashioned out of cut limestone. Its main facade is three bays wide, delineated by full-height fluted Ionic engaged columns. The upper part of each bay has tall round-arch windows set in a rounded surround with keystone at the top and small brackets at the base. The center entrance is sheltered by a projecting wrought iron canopy. The buildings cornice is modillioned and dentillated, and the roof is capped by a parapet with a clockface set in an elaborate surround.</p><br>
<p>The United Electric Company, founded in 1887, was the second enterprise established to provide electricity on a large scale to the city of Springfield. The first was founded in 1882 but did not last long. United Electric&#39;s first power plant stood at the foot of State Street. This building was constructed in 1910 to serve as its headquarters; it was designed by Boston architect Thomas M. James, who was known for his designs of bank buildings. United Electric was consolidated into the Western Massachusetts Electric Company in 1947.</p><br>
<p>The Trinity Block is a historic commercial building at 266-284 Bridge Street in downtown Springfield, Massachusetts. The three story building is faced in cast stone and terra cotta, and exhibits a variety and creativity of uses of Classical Revival design elements. The building has retail space on the first floor and offices above. It was built in 1923 by local developer Samuel F. Green on the site previously occupied by Trinity Methodist Church. and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<h2>Trinity Church</h2><br>
<p>The Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church, established in 1844 as the Union Street Methodist Church, was built on this site in 1869. The building, designed by Perkins & Gardner of Springfield, was built in the Romanesque Revival style. It was demolished in 1922.</p><br>
<p>Laurel Hall is a historic apartment house at 72—74 Patton Street in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. Built in 1914, it is one of a small number of apartment houses built on the north side of the city&#39;s downtown area in the 1910s and 1920s. The building underwent a major rehabilitation and renovation in the 1980s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Laurel Hall stands on the north side of Patton Street, between Main and Dwight Streets just north of Interstate 291. Now predominantly a commercial area, it was a tree-lined residential street when Laurel Hall and the adjacent Ethel Apartment House were built in the 1910s. It is a four story Classical Revival structure, built using yellow brick (in light and dark shades), with brownstone trim and a decorated metal cornice. The ground floor begins with a half-story of rusticated brownstone, and continues with dark yellow brick with recessed spacing every few rows to provide horizontal emphasis. A brownstone belt-course separates the first floor from those above. Recessed panels of dark brick are set between the windows of the 2nd through 4th floors, and there are vertical dark brick pilasters framing the central bays. Windows are trimmed with brownstone lintels and sills.</p><br>
<p>The building was built in 1914 for a real estate agent, and was designed by Bruno Wozny, a German immigrant. The building houses sixteen units, which were in its early years occupied by working-class people. Occupancy and the building&#39;s condition declined during the 1960s, when the area became a subject of urban renewal. The interior suffered from neglect and vandalism, and has been completely modernized.</p><br>
<p>The Andover Village Industrial District encompasses one of the 19th century industrial mill villages of Andover, Massachusetts known locally as "The Village". The growth of this village contributed to the decision in the 19th century to separate the more rural area of North Andover from the town. It is centered on a stretch of the Shawsheen River between North Main Street on the east and Moraine Street on the west. Most of the district&#39;s properties lie on Stevens Street, Red Spring Road, Shawsheen Road, and Essex Street, with a few properties also located on adjacent roads.</p><br>
<p>Although no buildings remain from Andover&#39;s earliest industrial enterprises in the area, there are still some mill buildings that date as far back as to the 1820s in the old Marland Mill complex on Stevens Street. The most prominent building in this complex, however, is a spinning and carding mill that was built in 1885, and features a five-story tower and ornate brick detailing.</p><br>
<p>One of the older buildings in the district was the Abbot Mills complex, with history dating to 1814. Located at 18-20 Red Spring Road, it was a 3.5 story wood frame barn-like structure. It was next door to the mills of Smith & Dove, which are of stone construction dating to the 1820s. The other major industrial component of the district is the Tyer Rubber complex on Railroad Street, whose main building dates to 1912. and was demolished in 2014. Much of the wood in the building was salvaged and recycled.</p><br>
<p>There is a significant variety in the types of housing related to the mills. Much of the early housing has Greek Revival styling, although there are a few houses that show more Federal style detailing. Later housing includes boarding houses, tenements, and other multiunit buildings in a diversity of styles.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Arlington Mills Historic District encompasses a major 19th century textile manufacturing complex in Lawrence and Methuen, Massachusetts. Developed between 1865 and 1925, it was one of the state&#39;s largest textile operations at its height. At the time of hits listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985, the mill complex was owned by Malden Mills.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Arlington Mills occupy 75 acre of land straddling the boundary between Lawrence and Methuen. It is bounded on the east by Broadway, a historic post road, and on the west by the Spicket River, which originally supplied it with power. The complex has 23 buildings, most of which are of brick construction. The largest is the 1896 wool-combing mill, which is 750 ft long, while the 1906 worsted weaving mill is 600 ft long.</p><br>
<p>The first industrial use of this site was about 1820, when Abiel Stevens built a wood-frame factory in which piano cases were built. Stevens first mill burned in 1855, and he rebuilt the following year. The Arlington Mills Company began operation in 1865, after purchasing this location; its investors were owners of Lawrences other mill operations. In 1880 their 1865 building was demolished and replaced by a new brick structure, now termed the worsted-weave shed which is one of the surviving buildings. The complex grew over the years, and was by 1925 one of the largest textile factories in the state. During World War I it supplied large quantities of flannel and wool shirting to the United States Army. The Arlington Mills Company suffered financial reverses during the Great Depression, and closed its doors in 1952.</p><br>
<p>The Arlington–Basswood Historic District encompasses a substantial residential development project of the Arlington Mills Company in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Roughly bounded by Lawrence, Alder, Arlington, and Juniper Streets, the district includes 89 properties, most of which are triple-deckers or other multiunit housing. The area was developed by the company between 1909 and 1925 to address local issues of overcrowding and poor sanitation. Most of the housing built features Classical Revival detailing, with bands of distinctive shingles, roof brackets, and dentil molding in roof cornices. Although some properties have lost some of their character due to modifications such as the application of synthetic siding, many have not.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Beverly Center Business District encompasses much of the historic 19th century commercial heart of Beverly, Massachusetts. Centered on Cabot and Church Streets between Central Street and the Beverly Common, its architecture reflects the city&#39;s growth over 150 years. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Beverly is located on the North Shore of Massachusetts, just northeast of Salem, from which it is separated by the Danvers River. The city at first grew up around its waterfront on the river, but its present commercial business center took shape in the 19th century, with the arrival of the railroad (in 1839), and the subsequent development of a major shoe industry. Its downtown area is mostly reflective of late 19th and early 20th century commercial development, although significant reminders of its maritime past survive as well.</p><br>
<p>The historic district is centered on a stretch of Cabot Street, extending north from Central Street to a central junction with Federal and Church Streets. It then runs along Church Street to Dane Street, where Beverly Common extends along Dane Street all the way to Hale. The district includes properties on some adjacent side streets. There are more than 100 historically significant buildings, including the citys major municipal buildings and churches, as well as a significant amount of commercial property. Prominent buildings include Beverly City Hall, the 1781 Federal style mansion of one of the citys early important merchants, Andrew Cabot, and the John Cabot House, built by Andrews brother, which now serves as the headquarters of the Beverly Historical Society. The Odd Fellows Hall, located opposite city hall, is a high-style Late Gothic commercial block.</p><br>
<p>The Boxford Village Historic District encompasses the historic early center of Boxford, Massachusetts, which was established in 1638 and incorporated in 1685. The district runs from near Towne Road in the west, along Main Street and Topsfield Road to Dana Road, and includes sections of Middleton Road , Elm Street , Depot Road  and Cross Street . It includes a remarkable concentration of structures dating to no later than the late 18th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973. It includes the Holyoke-French House, a First Period house owned by the Boxford Historical Society and operated as a house museum.</p><br>
<p>The district was named as one of the 1,000 places to visit in Massachusetts by the Great Places in Massachusetts Commission.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Village Historic District encompasses a collection of properties from the early center of Salem Village, as Danvers, Massachusetts was known in the 17th century. The district includes an irregular pattern of properties along Centre, Hobart, Ingersoll, and Collins Streets, as far north as Brentwood Circle, and south to Mello Parkway. It includes several buildings notable for their association with the 1692 Salem witch trials, which were mostly centered on individuals who lived in Salem Village. Included in the village are the Rebecca Nurse Homestead, now a house museum, and the remains of the local parsonage, both places of relevance to the witch hysteria.</p><br>
<p>The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Willows Historic District of eastern Salem, Massachusetts encompasses a now residential area that had its origins as a 19th-century summer resort community. Development of the area began in 1875, after Daniel Gardner purchased land at Juniper Point he had been leasing with the intent of developing it. There is evidence from an 1874 map that he may have begun development as early as 1874, even though he did not have permission to erect permanent structures on the land then. This development grew, and a significant number of modest cottage-style houses were built between then and the early 20th century. Alongside this development, the Salem Willows Park, just to its north, began to take shape, with a casino located at Bay View and Fort Avenues, and a large pavilion at Fort and Island Avenues, visible on an 1897 map. The area became popular with day visitors, and hotels catering to tourists were built, although only one, the Central House at 1 High Avenue, has survived but as a private residence. The park is owned by the city, and continues to be used as a recreational area.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Willows Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1994.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Diner is a historic diner at 70 Loring Avenue in Salem, Massachusetts. It is one of two Sterling Streamliner diners left in Massachusetts, and still stands at its original location. Designated car #4106, it was also one of the last made by the Sterling Company before it closed its doors in 1942. The diner body features a wood frame and porcelain enamel exterior. It has a metal hipped barrel roof, and its eastern end features a characteristic shovel nose. The roofline is decorated by a fin shape that serves as a backdrop for the diner&#39;s neon signage. It is mounted on a foundation that is predominantly concrete blocks, with some glass blocks interspersed. Its main entrance is centered on the long side, and is now sheltered by a modern glass vestibule added c. 1960.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Diner was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Giddings Hall, originally called Recitation Hall, is a Greek Revival building located on the campus of Georgetown College in Scott County, Kentucky. Georgetown was the first Baptist college founded west of the Allegheny Mountains, and Giddings Hall was the first permanent structure constructed after the college was formed. The building is named after Rockwood Giddings, the third president of the school. The property was added to the USA National Register of Historic Places on February 6, 1973.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1829, the Kentucky Legislature chartered the Kentucky Baptist Education Society with the purpose of establishing a Baptist college in the state. The town of Georgetown was selected for the site of the school because the community agreed to raise $20,000 and to donate the assets of Rittenhouse Academy, a failed land grant school in the town that had recently closed.</p><br>
<p>In 1839, Rev. Rockwood Giddings became the third president of the college. During his tenure as president, Giddings began construction on Recitation Hall, the first permanent building for the school.</p><br>
<p>College tradition states that Jonathan E. Farnam, professor of mathematics, drew the original plans for the building, and that architect A.T. Rice drew the final design. A local African-American mason laid the foundation, and a local brickmason named A.L. White built the walls.</p><br>
<p>The structure is currently used as the main administrative building for the campus. Previously, rooms in the building have been used as a chapel, a library, classrooms, and a theater.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Giddings Hall is a two-story rectangular temple-style Greek Revival brick building situated at a prominent central campus location at the head of Giddings Circle.</p><br>
<p>The building has four levels, including a stone basement and a deep attic. The brick is laid in Flemish bond on all four sides, and wide pilasters delineate the bays on all facades. The central front facade is a two-story pedimented portico with six brick graduated columns with Ionic capitals.</p><br>
<p>The double windows and Italianate style hoodmolds were added in 1879 when Pawling Hall was constructed.</p><br>
<p>Fire Station No. 1 is a former fire station listed on the National Register of Historic Places in the Downtown neighborhood of the independent city of Roanoke, Virginia, USA Modeled after Philadelphia&#39;s Independence Hall, Fire Station No. 1 served as one of the longest continuously operating fire stations in the Commonwealth of Virginia from its completion in 1907 through the opening of a replacement facility in 2007. Designed by the Lynchburg firm of Huggins and Bates, No. 1 still stands as a monument to the civic pride of early Roanoke. It is located in the Roanoke City Market Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>With a purely volunteer force in place within the city beginning in 1882, the first paid firefighters were hired in 1906, and ground was officially broken for No. 1 on February 19, 1906. Completed by 1907, the station exhibits the Georgian Revival style of an Edwardian-era firehouse. It features a limestone ashlar foundation and a solid brick facade with terracotta accents, topped with a bell tower that provided views of the entire city upon its completion.</p><br>
<p>By 1911 the city purchased their first engine powered fire truck stationed at No. 1. By 1918, horse-drawn fire wagons were totally phased out in favor of the engine-powered ones.</p><br>
<p>Originally cast in 1886, the bell originally placed atop the structure in the bell tower was removed in 2001, restored and is now on display on the first floor of the station. By 2003, the aging facility received a facelift to repair and restore the original limestone mortar on the facade. Additionally, the former bell tower was completely restored and the station was completely operational again by December. Although officials stated that No. 1 would retain its status as a fully staffed fire station even with the completion of a replacement facility, the station stopped running fire and EMS calls on May 9, 2007. Today the facility serves as a fire museum open to the general public and as a stable for the Roanoke Police Department&#39;s Mounted Patrol.</p><br>
<p>The Ramsay-Durfee Estate, also known as Durfee Mansion, Durfee House or Villa Maria, is a historic Tudor Revival style mansion on Western Avenue in Los Angeles, California. It has been designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument and listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Completed in 1908, the three-story, 42-room mansion was designed by Frederick Louis Roehrig. Roehrig also planned the landscape gardens and layout of the grounds.The Times also made note of the grand staircase describing it as "the stair builder&#39;s art in mahogany" lit by a large group of art glass windows. The third floor was almost entirely taken up by a 25 ft by 99 ft ballroom with a large brick fireplace and an open truss and exposed beam ceilings.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for a wealthy lumberman, William E. Ramsay, who died in 1909—shortly after the mansion was completed. In 1913 the house was featured across six pages in Homes and Gardens of the Pacific Coast Volume II, a picture book of Los Angeles mansions describing it as a "beautiful home of the English style of domestic architecture, designed by Mr. F. L. Roehrig..."</p><br>
<p>In the early 1920s, the property was purchased for the unheard of price of $105,000 by William G. and Nellie McGaughey Durfee. Mr. Durfee was a horse-racing devotee, and Mrs. Durfee was the sheltered daughter of a Figueroa Street millionaire. Their marriage had been a scandal reported on in the newspapers, as Mr. Durfee had divorced the mother of his two children in 1910 and married Nellie in 1911.</p><br>
<p>In 1978, the Brothers of St. John of God bought the property from the Estate of Nellie Durfee for $470,000. In 1982, the house was opened to the public for the first time in its history for a benefit dinner to support KUSC radio.</p><br>
<h2>Historic designation</h2><br>
<p>In 1980 city&#39;s Cultural Heritage Commission designated the property, under the name "Villa Maria", as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument, calling it, "a distinguished example of Tudor Revival architecture of the early 20th Century." It was also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The C. E. Toberman Estate, also known as Villa Las Colinas, is a gated Mission Revival mansion and estate on Camino Palmero in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, and as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1984.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>In 1922, C. E. Toberman hired architects Russell & Alpaugh to design his Mission Revival and Spanish Colonial Revival style dream house, which took two years to build and was completed in 1924.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The house was built for Charles E. Toberman (1880-1981), a noted real estate developer who was known as "Mr. Hollywood" and the "Father of Hollywood" for his role in developing Hollywood and many of its landmarks, including the Hollywood Bowl, Graumans Chinese Theater, the Roosevelt Hotel, the Graumans Egyptian Theatre and the Hollywood Masonic Temple.</p><br>
<p>The house was reportedly featured in the first issue of Architectural Digest with a young Bette Davis at the front door. It was situated on one of the most exclusive streets in Hollywood, adjacent to the Errol Flynn estate and with neighbors including Bette Davis, Samuel Goldwyn, Preston Sturges, Al Jolson, Ozzie and Harriet Nelson and Fatty Arbuckle.</p><br>
<p>In 1980, the Toberman estate sold for $1 million (then a record price for a house in the Los Colinos section of Hollywood), The estate was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983, after the property was purchased and renovated by Beverly Hills attorney and investor Donald L. Hunt. In the 1980s the house was recommended for Historic-Cultural Monument status by the Los Angeles Cultural Heritage Commission, but the proposal was initially rejected by the City Council because "the property owner and the councilman of the district object." The estate was later designated as Historic Cultural Monument #285.</p><br>
<h3>Filming location</h3><br>
<p>The Toberman Estate has long been a popular filming location. In 1990, it was the principal filming location for the film Where Sleeping Dogs Lie. The Toberman Estate was also used as "the hip trophy house of Vincent Chase on the first two seasons of HBO&#39;s Entourage and the later sixth season.</p><br>
<p>The estate was later renamed "Villa Las Colinas" and is rented for receptions and special events at price of "$10,000–$50,000 depending on your event&#39;s requirements."</p><br>
<h3>August 2009 Fire</h3><br>
<p>On the morning of August 30, 2009, a fire broke out in the kitchen of the main house. The Los Angeles Fire Department responded at 8:29 AM with 130 firefighters. The flames spread to the attic, and it took just over two hours for it to be extinguished. Two firefighters received minor injuries and were taken to local hospitals.</p><br>
<p>Lake Hamrin, also known as Diyala Dam, is a man-made lake approximately 50 km north-east of the Baquba, in Iraq&#39;s Diyala province. The town of Hamrin sits on the western shore of the lake, both of which are at the southern tip of the Hamrin mountains.</p><br>
<p>It was established in 1981 as an artificial dam to hold over two billion cubic metres of water. It is a source of fish and also provides water for nearby date palm orchards and other farms.</p><br>
<p>In June 2008, it was reported that due to Iranian damming of the Alwand River, the lake had lost nearly 80% of its capacity.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological excavations</h2><br>
<p>In the late 1970s, prior to the flooding of the lake, several archaeological sites in the flood plain were excavated. Excavations were led by the British Archaeological Expedition at the request of the Iraqi State Organisation for Antiquities and Heritage. Sites excavated include the Ubaid period sites of Tell Madhur, Tell Rubeidheh and Tell Haizalun. The Hamrin sites probably shared a localised form of the Ubaid culture and possibly operated as one administrative unit based out of Tell Abada.</p><br>
<p>Pocklington Reef is a coral reef and a mostly submerged atoll in the far southeast of Papua New Guinea.</p><br>
<p>It is 162.4 km from the closest island, Loa Boloba, which is a tiny coral islet within the fringing reef near Cape Deliverance, the south east point of Rossel Island (Yela) in the Louisiade Archipelago, and belongs to Milne Bay province, Samarai-Murua District, Yaleyamba Rural Local Level Government Area.</p><br>
<p>Pocklington Reef sits on top of Pocklington Ridge, which extends north-east from Rossel Island. The reef is 32 km long and up to 4 km wide. Its longer axis is north-east-south-west. The rim of the reef encloses a deep lagoon. The northern rim reaches closer to the surface, and several above water rocks with heights between 0.9 and 3 metres high lie along its length. There is a small spit of sand about the size of a football field (less than one hectare) at the north-east end. There is a shipwreck at that location.</p><br>
<p>On 28 April 1962, Panamanian SS Dona Ourania grounded on Pocklington Reef.</p><br>
<p>Pocklington Reef Marine Park is a proposed marine protected area.</p><br>
<p>The Airview Historic District is a district of 12 houses built between 1896 and 1930 on each side of East Main Street in Middletown, Maryland. The district was developed to take advantage of the Hagerstown and Frederick Railway, which paralleled what was then known as the National Pike, and is an example of a small-scale streetcar suburb. The subdivision was subdivided from the Kefauver farm and included a trolley stop in front of developer Lewis Kefauver&#39;s house. The trolley right-of-way is still visible in the deep setback between the street and the sidewalk in the front yards of houses on the north side of the street.</p><br>
<p>The subdivisions&#39;s location in a then-rural setting view with its expansive views made the suburb attractive for retiring farmers.</p><br>
<p>The Airview Historic District is now part of Middletown, but is separated from the Middletown Historic District by a section of newer development.</p><br>
<p>Hernio  is an iconic summit in the Basque Country very popular with the Gipuzkoans and located right at the heart of the province. The peak is the highest point of a massif extending north-west to south-east, the summit rising by the pass of Zelatun. Neighbouring summits lined up NW to SE at the range are mount Gazume  standing west across the summit and mount Herniozabal  closing the range east at the rear. The villages lying at the feet of the mount are Errezil , Alkiza  and Asteasu . The summit of Hernio affords to the NW a beautiful view over Azpeitia and the stone bulk of Izarraitz towering over the town.</p><br>
<h2>Access points</h2><br>
<p>As a popular destination for hikers and locals, Hernio may be reached through various trails setting out from different points.</p><br>
<h3>Iturriotz</h3><br>
<p>Iturriotz (580 m, the spot is reached through a road up setting out at Andatzarrate -road GI-2631-) is a former country inn, where according to historic accounts Ignatius of Loyola stayed overnight on his journey home from Paris in April 1535. A trail goes up and gains height along the stream Zelatun until the pass of the same name is reached (841 m). At the pass, a cluster of huts are found, and a beaten trail up must be taken on the left that cuts across the side of Hernio. The trail heading south-east, after a long slope is overcome, a couple of zigzags on pebbled soil lead to the top of the mountain. The way up takes 1h30 and back.</p><br>
<h3>Alkiza</h3><br>
<p>Starting from the road entering Alkiza (344 m high) from the south-west (GI-3630), a concrete track splits off on the left and leaves the houses behind. After a zigzag, a hiking trail heads up south-west along a fence and penetrates in a forest. The route (PR GI-78), shrouded in vegetation, is marked all along on rocks, signposts and trees, with a general direction west running along the mountain range (left). At the final stage before the pass of Zelatun, the path cuts across a clear landscape on a sloping terrain. From Zelatun, the final stretch as explained above. It takes some 2h30 to the peak and back.</p><br>
<h3>Errezil</h3><br>
<p>The village lies right at the foot of the mount and therefore stands close to it. Yet this may be the hardest approach on account of its steep ascent. A dust track winds up from the road (GI-2634) to the very pass of Zelatun, so pick-ups and other SUV vehicles may be found at this spot, sometimes belonging to hunters. The ascent takes roughly 1h45 and back.</p><br>
<h2>Landscape and human presence</h2><br>
<p>Forest abounds in the massif, with various kinds of trees. In the course of the last century Monterrey pine and larch tree have gained ground at the expense of other autochthonous species. On the north face of the mountain range, beech forests cover the steep terrain. In addition, oak and chestnut tree patches may be found, with some birch trees few and far between. There are some grasslands especially at the north-west, at Zelatun and around. Actually, for centuries the pass has borne witness to seasonal migration of cattle from Aralar and even Urbasa to coastal pastures.</p><br>
<p>The massif has been inhabited for millennia, as attested in the grotto of Altxerri, where in 1962 wall paintings and rock carvings depicting bison, horses, reindeer, fish and other animals were unearthed.</p><br>
<h2>Tradition and events</h2><br>
<p>Not long ago, local scholars and folk accounts held rather romantically that heroic battles took place at Zelatun in Roman times between their army and the Cantabri. On the other hand, this assumption has been disputed by modern history, pinpointing such battle farther west, somewhere in Cantabria. It is no surprise that legend traces the name of the village at the foot, Errezil, to the phrase "errez hil", (Romans) died easy, a folk etymology.</p><br>
<p>The San Joan hermitage lies beside the building of Iturriotz (see above), where a festivity in honour of the saint is held on 24 June. In local lore, the water springing out of its walls cures scabies and ringworm.</p><br>
<p>Hernio is renowned for its popular pilgrimages of September, held every Sunday of the month. The last Sunday is the most attended one, with a steady trail of people of all ages following the path to the top. The summit is covered with small crosses shrouded in beliefs, small memorials and a mountaineer postbox. Before the last attempt to the peak, metallic rings hanging from a cross may be grabbed and slid around whatever part of the body suffers a disease so as to heal it. At the fields of Zelatun a celebration steeped in music, dance and cheerful atmosphere takes place all day long.</p><br>
<p>Since the early 2000s, hundreds turn out for the collective hike looping around the whole mountain range of Hernio. The event, called Erniopeko Martxa, is held in spring, with the walk starting early in the morning (in Alkiza in 2008). The route, stretching for 48,6 km, crosses eight villages surrounding the massif. Alternatively, another route provides a shorter approach through a short-cut that splits up the route in two.</p><br>
<p>Andover Town Hall is the historic town hall of Andover, Massachusetts. It is located at 20 Main Street, between Park and Barnard Streets. The 2-1/2 story Romanesque Revival red brick building was constructed in 1858, not long after the separation of North Andover. It was designed by Boston architect Theodore Voelkers and built by local builders Abbott & Clement. The building design echoed that of the mills that dotted the town. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>Andover Town Hall is located near the central intersection of Andover&#39;s main business district, on the east side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 28) between Park and Barnard Streets. It is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, with a front-facing gable roof and Romanesque Revival styling. Its main facade (facing west) is divided into three bays, each set in a panel with a round-arch top. The entrance is in the center bay, recessed within a round-arch opening and sheltered by a canopy with balcony. Above is a tripartite round-arch window, a style replicated on the second-level windows on the front and sides. On the ground floor the entrance is flanked by wider arches which contain three-part storefronts with doors flanked by windows. The interior of the building houses town offices; its upper levels original housed a large ballroom, which was divided horizontally and vertically to provide additional office space in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The town hall was built in response to the separation of North Andover in 1855, resulting in the loss of Andovers original town center. Following the separation, early town meetings were held in a local furniture store. Construction of this building was proposed in 1856, and the building was completed two years later. Its design, by Theodore Voelkers, an architect known for his mill designs, echoes those structures that were the source of the areas prosperity.</p><br>
<p>Anns Diner  is a historic diner at 11 Bridge Road  in Salisbury, Massachusetts, United States.</p><br>
<p>The diner was built in 1950 as #824 by the Worcester Lunch Car Company, as a custom job for James and Ann Evans. They had opened their first diner in Haverhill, also called Anns Diner, in 1948, and moved it to the present site later that year. The business was successful enough that they ordered the present diner as a replacement. It was specifically designed to accommodate a separate dining room, and was opened in April 1950. The Evanses owned the business until 1960, after which it went through a succession of owners. From 1976 to 1987 it was owned by Norman Brockleman and known as Norms Place. The diner was closed between 1997 and 1999. In 1999 it was acquired by Pat Archambault, who restored it and reopened it as Pat&#39;s Diner.</p><br>
<p>The diner is a classic barrel-roof diner, nine window bays long and three deep. The original entrances to the diner were at its ends, but the left one has been repurposed as a site for heating and ventilation equipment. The right side door retains its original steel door with sunburst motif, and the middle bay window on the front facade has been replaced by an entrance that projects from the diner&#39;s body. The barrel roof is covered by a rubber membrane, and extends to porches that covered the entrances at the ends.</p><br>
<p>Behind the diner body is a wood frame single story structure, which houses the kitchen and restrooms. Unlike many New England diners, this structure has a gable roof. The diner&#39;s interior is unusual for its custom configuration. The right six bays have a typical interior setup, with four booths and fourteen counter stools, while the left three bays have a dining room arrangement. This area is separated from the counter area by a pocket door, and has six booths, three each lining the front and back walls.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 2003.</p><br>
<p>Arden is a historic estate at 276 N. Main Street in Andover, Massachusetts, United States. It was the home of two of Andover&#39;s most important mill owners, John Dove and William Madison Wood .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The site where Arden was built was originally occupied by the c. 1678 Josiah Barnard House, which was described in 1829 as one of the nicest houses of its time. This house was torn down in 1846 to make way for the construction of Arden. It was built for John Dove, a Scottish immigrant who, along with Peter Smith, established the first flax mill in Andover. The builder was Jacob Chickering, a leading local builder, who may have had design guidance for Theodore Voelkers. Dove&#39;s family held the property until 1891.</p><br>
<p>The buyer of the house was William Wood, who went on to found the American Woolen Company, and to develop the planned community of Shawsheen Village to the north. The estate is still in the hands of Wood&#39;s descendants. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The 2.5 story wood frame house is built with elaborate Gothic Revival style decorations. The gable ends are decorated with bargeboard molding, and the porches are supported by elaborate groupings of columns. The house also has a particularly elaborate port cochere.</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House is a historic colonial house at 245 Washington Street in Gloucester, Massachusetts. The 2,5 story Georgian house was built in 1740 by William Allen, and remains one of Gloucester&#39;s finest houses of the period. It is a typical house of the time, with a center chimney plan and a gambrel roof. The house was bought by Joseph Low in 1779; his daughter Elizabeth married Nathaniel Babson, and their son ended up inheriting the property. It remained in the Babson family into the 20th century, eventually being inherited by Low descendant Elizabeth Alling.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>US Department of the Interior&#39;s National Register of Historic Places description excerpts (1996):</p><br>
<h2>Description, location and environment</h2><br>
<p>The mid-18th century (1740) Babson-Alling House is one of two early dwellings that remain at Gloucester’s original town center. Once known as the, the central position of this inland area was usurped in 1738 when the First Parish Meetinghouse was moved eastward to the Inner Harbor where it remains (see Central Gloucester Historic District, and Boundary Increase). The area gradually declined over the next two hundred years until the mid 20th century when the north-shore corridor of Washington Street was “improved” with the Grant Circle Rotary to accommodate traffic from the newly constructed dual-lane State Route 128 (east-west). At that time the 17th century White-Ellery House (NRHP: 3/9/1990) was moved from its original location, roughly centered on the rotary, to its present position immediately north of the Babson-Alling House. These two well preserved early dwellings, along with a barn, stone walls, and other landscape features provide a unique and multi-faceted glimpse into the city’s origins. The remnant of a ca. 1930 scallop-topped wooden fence remains on the Babson-Alling property to indicate the early position of Washington Street.</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House is sited directly on the Grant Circle Rotary at the northeast corner of State Route 128 and Washington Street where it continues to face south. It is buffered from the intrusion of constant automobile traffic by a tall wooden fence (modern) and a screen of white pines on the west. A large front yard planted with mature weeping willows enhances privacy on the south. The setting of open fields to the north and east is substantially more compatible, providing a sense of the surrounding landscape during the period of significance. To the rear (N) the property abuts the White-Ellery House and an open field that is maintained in rough turf and edged by fieldstone walls and mature oaks. A large untended field provides the eastern border. Poplar Street, which runs behind (N) the two houses is an early to mid 20th century residential neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Summary evolution of the property</h2><br>
<p>The handsome and coherent appearances of the Babson-Alling property today results from three major periods of construction and remodeling. The gambrel roof house with its bold modillion cornice and massive central chimney is clearly a product of mid 18th century Georgian sensibilities. The east wing is either original or an early addition to the main block.</p><br>
<p>During the Federal period fashionable entries with delicate fanlights and oval windows were added to the south facade and west elevation. At the same time, it appears that the landscape was enhanced by creation of a low rise with granite retaining wall as a pedestal for the house. In the early 20th century, ca. 1930, a delicate was added to the main entry and the yard was planted with white pines (W) and weeping willows (S), presumably as screens to increased traffic and encroaching development. At about the same time, a utilitarian board fence along Washington Street was replaced with a more decorative scalloped-top fence, a secondary wall with balustrade was added in front of the foundation, and a gazebo was erected southeast of the house. These complementary building and landscape features create a rich evolutionary overlay that illustrates the continuing history of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Current appearance of the landscape</h2><br>
<p>The main approach to the Babson-Alling House is from Washington Street (W) via an unpaved drive located immediately south of the barn. Leading to the west rear of the house, that drive is lined by a lilac hedge and enclosed by a wooden gate. A longer secondary drive, also unpaved, runs south from Poplar Street behind the White-Ellery House and the barn. The barn is sited between the two houses on the Washington Street (W) side.</p><br>
<p>The 20,000 sq. ft. lot encompasses several landscape features that appear to have evolved during various periods in the property’s history. Like the architectural changes, they are complementary, and add substantially to the property’s ability to reflect changing fashions and tastes over a two hundred-year period. They also help to create an oasis of tranquility that contributes to the overall historic integrity of the property, helping to mitigate the intrusiveness of modern traffic patterns.</p><br>
<p>The house now sits on a low rise defined by a granite block retaining wall which is a typical Federal period landscape device. The wall is broken in the center to allow three granite block steps to ascend laterally from the west (reoriented ca. 1930); three additional steps lead north to the entry portico. The retaining wall extends eastward beyond the house to a small shingled shed with pyramidal roof (ca. 1930). A fieldstone wall, which may date to an earlier period, continues eastward from the shed. A split rail fence of unknown date occupies the southeast corner of the front lawn area and extends northward to the stone wall that separates the Babson-Alling property from the Poplar Street field. Directly behind the house, fieldstone is replaced by finished granite blocks which seem to be a mid to late 19th century attempt to beautify the area immediately surrounding the house. The large front lawn is planted with mature willows and pines, and overgrown ornamental shrubs.</p><br>
<h2>Current appearance of the house</h2><br>
<p>The five by two bay house rises 2 and 1/2 stories from a high foundation of irregularly sized granite ashlar blocks, to an asphalt shingle gambrel roof with massive center chimney. The main block is extended by an early three story, three bay east wing that takes the set-back half-depth form that is characteristic of the North Shore and is commonly referred to as a. Two small one story gable roof eels frame the rear elevation. The entire building is sheathed with clapboard which was the original exterior material although individual elements have probably been replaced over time. The main block is trimmed with narrow cornerboards and watertable, and a handsome boldly projecting modillion cornice on the front and rear elevations. Unless otherwise noted, windows are simply framed and contain 6/6 sash that date to the Federal period.</p><br>
<p>The symmetrical five bay south facade is centered on a well-detailed entry that reflects three compatible periods of development. Historic photographs reveal a surround consisting of paneled pilasters carrying an entablature with fanlight below. Those extant details probably date to the Federal period occupancy of Nathaniel and Elizabeth Low Babson, and appear to be contemporary with many of the landscape refinements. The present delicate portico, with its swelled roof supported on slender paired Tuscan columns, is a well conceived Colonial Revival addition dated to the 1930s. The double-lead entry with its raised field panels may be original. Two windows frame the entry on each side while five second story windows, aligned with the first story openings, are framed into the cornice.</p><br>
<p>The two bay west elevation, where the two driveways terminate, is focused on a slightly off-center secondary entry that also appears to date to the Federal period. In this case, the composition consists of an enclosed hip-roof porch detailed with paneled corner pilasters and oval windows on the side walls. The entry, with its six-panel Federal door, is approached by two granite block steps. Two windows are located on the north side of the entry and one on the south. Two windows light both the second and attic stories where their heads are aligned with the main cornice and roof break respectively.</p><br>
<p>The primary outbuilding is a wood-shingled wood-frame barn sited near Washington Street between the Babson-Alling (SE) and White-Ellery (N) Houses. It rises from a fieldstone and granite block foundation to an asphalt shingle covered gable roof. Built into the side of a small hill, it is one story at the north gable end and two stories at the south. A sliding door is located on the east side, and a similar element has been removed from the south gable end. Loading bays are located in both gables. One window retains a remnant of a 2/2 sash which would indicate a construction date in the late 19th century if it is original. oil "Babson and Ellery Houses" (1863)alt=Fitz Henry Lane "Babson and Ellery Houses"left</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological description</h2><br>
<p>While no prehistoric sites are currently recorded on the property, it is possible that sites are present. The physical characteristics of the property including its elevated level to moderately sloping, well drained location in close proximity to Annisquam River wetlands indicate favorable locational criteria for Native American subsistence and settlement activities. Four known prehistoric sites are also recorded in the general area (within on mile), all of which border Annisquam River wetlands. Given the above factors, historic landuse of the property and the small size (20,000 square feet) of the lot, a moderate potential exists for locating significant prehistoric survivals.</p><br>
<p>There is a high potential for locating significant historic archaeological remains on the property. Structural remains and/or construction features may survive from at least three major periods of construction and remodeling at the house since its construction in ca. 1740. Structural remains from outbuildings are also likely including barns, wood houses and storehouses. One barn is still extant between the Babson-Alling and White-Ellery Houses, however, at least one other barn, destroyed by fire in 1908, was also present close to the house. Occupational related features (privies, wells) are also likely on the property. Nineteenth century deeds for the house note at least two outhouses no longer extant. Many of the resources described above and other landscape features on the parcel together constitute a mid-nineteenth century rural landscape preserved on the property.</p><br>
<p>Darvill, Timothy, Christopher Gerrard and Bill Startin</p><br>
<p>1993 Identifying and Protecting Historic Landscapes. Antiquity 67(256): 563-574</p><br>
<h2>Statement of significance</h2><br>
<p>Located at Gloucester’s original town center, the Babson-Alling House is one of the city’s finest examples of mid-Georgian architecture. Historically, the property is associated with some of the city’s leading businessmen and their families, and illustrates the changes in Gloucester’s maritime industry over the last 250 years.</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House possesses integrity of location, design, materials, setting, and workmanship, and meets Criteria A and C for listing in the National Register. The period of significance for the property is ca. 1740-1945.</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House originally stood in a prestigious location on the, to the east of the original First Parish Meetinghouse. Its construction is generally attributed to either Joseph Allen or his son, William, ca. 1740. Joseph’s father, also named Joseph Allen, was a blacksmith who had come to Gloucester in 1674 and settled in the area. The second Joseph (1681-1750) was “engaged in trade, and became a citizen of considerable distinction, taking an active part in town-affairs;” he also served as a representative to the General Court for four years (Babson: 56). The parcel of land on which the Babson-Alling House now stands was purchased from Stephen Robenson by the second Joseph Allen ca. 1722-35.</p><br>
<p>Several known deeds documents the family’s early maritime connections. One, a 1728 deed from Joseph Allen, trader, gives his son Joseph Allen one-third part “of the Good Scooner Called the Grahoune(,) Burthen Aboute Forty tons.” The second, a deed from Joseph Allen, trader, to his son Joseph Allen, “shoresman,” in 1731/32, gives the son use of “My Wharf that I Have Lying in the Harbor Joyning to Phelemon Warners Wharf & the Dock and flats Belonging to Sd. Wharf.” A third deed (dated 1733/34) describes the senior Joseph Allen as a merchant, and his son Joseph as a trader– both terms commonly associated with maritime pursuits during this period.</p><br>
<p>Little is known of Joseph&#39;s son, William Allen, although he presumably continued “in trade” like his father. A reliable local history states that “William, born in 1717, built the large house east of the site of the old Meeting-house in Town (First) Parish, where he had a large family of children born to him… He removed to New Gloucester, Me., on the early settlement of that town,” which began in 1742 (Babson: 56). Another source goes further, stating that “Col. William Allen, who married the daughter of Col. Osgood (Mrs. Mary Osgood of Andover, in 1745), lived in Gloucester during his early married life in a large house up in town… Here was born to him fourteen children. About the year 1769 he removed to New Gloucester,” where two more children were born. He is said to have died in 1780. (CAHA Scrapbook #43: p. 67)</p><br>
<p>An early map with a list of residents indicates that William Allen was living here by 1741. In 1765 Col. William Allen, with his wife Mary, sold the Babson-Alling property as “the House I now live in with about three acres of Land adjoining to said House… which Land my late Father Joseph Allen Esq. bot of Stephen Robenson,” along with a small wood house and store house between the dwelling and the meeting house, two-thirds of a tract of “Woods Pasture,” and “a small Piece of mowing or planting Land” adjoining the Rev. John Roger’s house (Robert Babson Alling: 77).The ca. 1740 construction of such a substantial, high style house here is remarkable, since the was clearly losing its status as the economic, religious, and social center of Gloucester at that time. A new meeting house was built at the Harbor Village in 1738, and the old was relegated from First to Fourth Parish by legislative order in 1742.</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House was bought in 1765 by Issac Smith, Esq., of Boston, an eminent merchant in the maritime trades and uncle of Mrs. Abigail Adams (the wife of John Adams, our 2nd President). Mr. Issac Smith was one of the wealthiest men in Boston and the owner of many ships and slaves. Two slaves he received when collecting from a bankrupt merchant further up Washington Street; One of these slaves was named Scipio Dalton, and it is thought he was moved up the street to live in the attic of the Babson-Alling House. Scipio Dalton would later be known from the and his life following release.</p><br>
<p>Issac Smith was very highly regarded, John Hancock called him "the most reliable man in Boston."</p><br>
<p>"He died in Boston in 1787, aged sixty-eight; having sustained through life a high character for honesty, benevolence, and intelligence." (Babson: 372)</p><br>
<p>In 1779, Issac and Elizabeth Smith, said to be of Boston, sold the Babson-Alling property—including the house, 3 acres of land adjoining, the wood house and store house, and the mowing or planting lands—to John Low, Jr. (1754-1801) of Gloucester. A 1773 graduate of Harvard College, Low was also a merchant, carrying on a fishing business on the Annisquam River.</p><br>
<p>In 1775 and 1776, John Low, Jr. is described as a Lieutenant in the militia, for the defense of the sea coast. His father, John Sr. (1728-1796) was also engaged in the trade and fishing business on the Annisquam River and became “one of the most prominent citizens of this time” (Babson: 114). Probate records describe John Low Jr. as a merchant and captain. His minor children Lucy and Eliza inherited their father’s estate, with the Babson-Alling House eventually passing to Eliza Gorham Low (1786-1862). Eliza was married in 1809 to Captain Nathaniel Babson (1784-1836), who came from one of the oldest and most prominent of Gloucester’s early families.</p><br>
<p>Nathaniel Babson was a noted sea captain who made voyages to Scotland, Gilbralter, the Baltic region, and Russia. Among the vessels that he commanded were the sloops Fame and Columbus (the latter of which he was also the owner) and the schooner Charming Nancy. With two of his brothers, Nathaniel also owned the schooner Marion. Several of the letters he wrote to his wife from around the world have been preserved. After Babson retired from the sea, he farmed this estate that his wife had inherited from her father. Outside of his career as a merchant, Nathaniel Babson is also notable as one of the seven founders of the Congregational Church (1829), where he served as a deacon until his death in 1836.</p><br>
<p>After Eliza Low Babson’s death in 1862, the Babson-Alling House passed to their six children, the youngest of whom, Gustavus (1820-1897) bought the property from his siblings and stayed on to work the farm. Although most of his brothers were seafarers like their father, Gustavus became a successful farmer, “blest with rare good judgement and a will to work… who would have made a success of anything he undertook” (Robert Babson Alling: 56-57). At the time that Gustavus Babson bought the estate, it included the same premises purchases by his grandfather, John Low, Jr.– comprises a dwelling house and three adjoining acres of land, outhouses, barns, “a wood house or store house,” and other buildings– along with a substantial amount of separate, agricultural land. Gustavus Babson was married in 1845 to his first cousin, Susan Stanwood Low (1820-1880). Her father, David Low, was a brother of John Low, Jr. and a shipmaster to Northern Europe. Gustavus and Susan Low Babson had seven children, and the Babson-Alling House continued to pass down through the Babson family through the mid-20th century. Its residents included three of Gustavus and Susan’s daughters: (1) Susan Babson (1852-1947), a teacher, writer, and active founding members of the Mass. Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and of the (now the Cape Ann Historical Association); (2) Ann Prentiss Babson Alling (b. 1858), who moved here after the death of her husband in 1894 and shared responsibility for maintaining the homestead with her brother Nathaniel; and (3) Elizabeth Low Babson (1859-1892), an artist and prominent member of the Cape Ann Literary and Historical Associate. Annie Babson Alling’s daughter, Elizabeth L. Alling, also remained at the Babson-Alling House and was active in civic affairs.</p><br>
<p>"Across Washington Street are two venerable monuments to the carpenter&#39;s art. The Babson-Alling House on the right has been here since about 1740, long admired for its solid yet graceful colonial construction and its country garden. Many years ago the cramped "pens" in the attic eaves were shown to me by an Alling descendant claiming the house had been a station on the "Underground Railway" to Canada wherein Northern abolitionists hid escapes slaves from bounty hunters combing the North under authorization of the Fugitive Slave Law, adopted by Congress under Southern pressure, that was a major factor in the Civil War."</p><br>
<p>The Babson-Alling House is one of Gloucester’s best preserved, high-style examples of Georgian architecture, both in its exterior detailing and its interior pannelling. The design is particularly notable for its Georgian modillioned cornic, Federal period entryways, and Federal Revival front portico. In 1934, the White Pine “Pencil Point Series”– a major documentary source for Colonial architecture– wrote that the house “contains one of the most beautiful all-paneled rooms in the State (and one of the two still remaining upon Cape Ann) with a most interesting staircase.” (Whitehead, ed.: 162)</p><br>
<p>Little altered, this sophisticated Georgian building represents a carefully considered architectural evolution through the Colonial Revival period in the early 20th century. A 20th century descendant’s account of the homestead speculates that the original house probably had no ells and states that, upon his marriage, Gustavus Babson, Sr. added doorways between the front and back of the east end of the house on both floors, and partitioned the large back kitchen. The fireplace in the north kitchen became a parlor, and its large fireplace was reduced in size (Robert Babson Alling: 74).</p><br>
<p>Of the outbuildings associated with the property, a large barn that was located close to the house was destroyed by fire in 1908. It was occupied by 10 cows, two horses, and a flock of hens (Robert Babson Alling: 78).</p><br>
<p>The setting for the Babson-Alling House has changed since its days as the town center, with a rotary for state highway Route 128 (built in the 1950s) now loosely substituting for the original town green. The acreage associated with the house has been reduced, but adjacent open fields continue to give an impression reminiscent of its original, semi-rural setting.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological significance</h2><br>
<p>Since patterns of prehistoric occupation in Gloucester are poorly understood, any surviving sites could be significant. Prehistoric sites in this area can help document the effects of sea level rise on Native American settlement and subsistence through time and the ways in which Native peoples adapted to that change. As a result of the property’s location on Cape Ann and its proximity to ocean waters, prehistoric sites in this area may contain valuable information on fishery technologies, particularly towards the exploitation of more open water pelagic species including whales. Prehistoric sites in this area may also contain date relation to prehistoric tool technologies, particularly the extant to which local and regionally important volcanic complexes including the were utilized on local sites.</p><br>
<p>Historical archaeological remains described above have the potential to further document Gloucester’s original town center, once known as the, which currently survives at this and one other location. Controlled testing and excavation can document the 18th through 20th century landuse of the property, much of which is no longer extant above ground. Construction features and stratigraphic profiles can further document the phases of construction and remodeling for the house and provide physical evidence of the town center or which no longer survives. Detailed analysis of occupational related features can provide important social, cultural, and economic data on inhabitants of the house including several slaves living there in the 18th century. Landscape features can also contribute important information towards the significance of the house. These features are important in interpreting the long-term development of the complex, including its current situation on a busy traffic rotary. A great deal of recent scholarship has focused on archaeological landscapes from a holistic perspective, one that takes in account diachronic landscape change as a factor in the development of layered landscapes (cf. Darvill et al. 1993). Thus in addition to possessing the potential for significant archaeological resources from the eighteen century, the house and yard can address questions regarding the importance of nineteenth-century landscape and filling as conscious efforts at presentation on the part of the house’s occupants.</p><br>
<h3>Major bibliographical references</h3><br>
<p>Alling, Robert Babson. Robert Babson Alling’s Ancestors, Descendants, and Close Relations. Chicago: Privately printed, 1930 (revised 1959).</p><br>
<p>Babson, John J. History of the Town of Gloucester, Cape Ann. Gloucester, Mass.: Peter Smith, 1972.</p><br>
<p>. Scrapbook 11 (entitled “Buildings and Houses”): typed manuscript (n.d. or author) entitled “The Babson-Alling House;” Scrapbook, #43 (entitled “Scrap Book A; Old Houses and Landmarks and Obits.”) p. 64, 67, 86</p><br>
<p>, Vertical Vile: “Susan Babson;” Vertical File: “Allen-Low Deeds and Papers 1664-1729″</p><br>
<p>, typed manuscript referenced as from Elizabeth Alling, “History of CAHA & Babson Alling House,” with Caroline Benham and J.B. Garland, 3/24/76</p><br>
<p>Essex County Registry of Deeds: B. 113, P.150; B.139, P.54; B.679, P.232; et al.</p><br>
<p>Finney-MacDougal, Catherine. The Babson Genealogy 1637-1977. Watertown, Mass.: Eaton Press, 1978.</p><br>
<p>, 15 September 1947, obituary of Miss Susan Babson.</p><br>
<p>. Inventory of the Historic Assests of the Commonwealth.</p><br>
<p>Hilbert & Woofdord. Gloucester Narrative. 1985. Vital Records to 1849.</p><br>
<p>Whitehead, Russell F. editor. The Monograph Series; Records; of Early American Architecture As Source Material. Volume XX, Monographs Four and Five: “The Later Dwelling Architecture of Cape Ann, Parts I and II,” August and October 1934.</p><br>
<p>The Bailey House is a historic house at 40 Market Street in Ipswich, Massachusetts. It was built sometime between 1893 and 1910 to serve as the home and office Doctor Bailey, a prominent local physician. It is sited on a hill overlooking the central downtown area of Ipswich. The 2.5 story house is one of the most elaborate examples of Queen Anne/Colonial Revival architecture in central Ipswich. Roughly rectangular in plan, a veranda embellished with Colonial Revival details wraps around the north and west sides of the house. The central portion of the front is a protruding bay that also rises up through the bottom of the roof and is topped by a turret shaped gable extension. It is flanked on either side by small gable dormers.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.</p><br>
